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Control Groups and Treatment Groups | Uses & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/control-groups/
...ntrol group. In these designs, you usually compare one group’s outcomes before and after a treatment (instead of comparing outcomes between different groups). For strong internal validity, it’s usually best to include a control group if possible. Without a control group, it’s harder to be certain that the outcome was caused by the experimental treatment and not by other variables. What are the requ...

Data Cleaning | A Guide with Examples & Steps

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/data-cleaning/
...a. These cells appear blank in your spreadsheet. Missing data can come from random or systematic causes. Random missing data include data entry errors, inattention errors, or misreading of measures. Non-random missing data result from confusing, badly designed, or inappropriate measurements or questions. Dealing with missing data Your options for tackling missing data usually include: Accepting the...

Exploratory Research | Definition, Guide, & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/exploratory-research-design/
...and their intelligibility hasn’t been studied yet. You decide to come up with an exploratory research design to investigate this relationship without spending too many resources or too much time doing so. Step 1: Identify your problem The first step in conducting exploratory research is identifying what the problem is and whether this type of research is the right avenue for you to pursue. Remembe...

Affect or Effect | Difference & Example Sentences

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/frequently-confused-words/affect-or-effect/
...using effect correctly, substitute it with another noun (e.g., outcome, result, consequence). If the sentence still makes sense, effect is the correct word to use. If not, you probably mean affect. ‘Effect’ as a verb When used as a verb, effect means ’cause something to come into being’. It’s frequently followed by the word ‘change’. Example: ‘Effect’ as a verbThe civil rights group effected change...

How to Find Outliers | Meaning, Formula & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/statistical-outliers/
...s than –3 are often determined to be outliers. Using the interquartile range The interquartile range (IQR) tells you the range of the middle half of your dataset. You can use the IQR to create ‘fences’ around your data and then define outliers as any values that fall outside those fences. This method is helpful if you have a few values on the extreme ends of your dataset, but you aren’t sure whethe...

Phrasal Verbs | List, Definition, Examples & Tips

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/verb/phrasal-verb/
...Call it off. Call off it. Example: Inseparable The message didn’t come across well. The message didn’t come well across. Example: Must be separated Some phrasal verbs always have to be separated, but this is comparatively rare. Oscar will take Sven up on the offer. Oscar will take up Sven on the offer. Phrasal verbs are made up of two or more words, and you have to learn them as distinct units of m...

Word Order Rules in English

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/syntax/english-word-order-rules/
...s usually made up of not only that noun but all of the words that come along with it (e.g. “The large book…”), and the predicate is made up of not only that verb, but all of the words that come along with it (e.g. “…sits on the table). In the example sentences below, the verb position and all that follows it are part of the predicate. Intransitive verb Some sentences use verbs that require nothing...

Better Alternatives to “Hope You’re Doing Well”

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/strong-communication/i-hope-youre-doing-well/
...communication. But since the phrase is so frequently used, it can come across as insincere or cliché. You may want to use an alternative every now and then, especially when you communicate with the same people. Below, we explain alternatives to help you vary your language and strike the right tone in every context. I hope this email finds you well This alternative is more traditional than ‘hope you...

How to Start an Email | 10 Greetings & Opening Lines

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/strong-communication/starting-an-email/
...s a good choice. It avoids wasting your or the reader’s time but still comes across as polite and thoughtful. However, this opening only really makes sense to begin or resume a conversation, not to continue an ongoing discussion. Use this expression for an unsolicited email, not a direct reply to a previous message. Examples: Reaching outI’m reaching out about the position advertised on LinkedIn. I...

Compound Words | Types, List & Definition

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/english-language/compound-word/
...e was knocked out, it was several minutes for the prizefighter to come to. This sentence contains the open compound verbs (aka phrasal verbs) “knocked out” and “come to” and the closed compound noun “prizefighter” (“prize” + “fighter”). Other interesting articles If you want to know more about nouns, pronouns, verbs, and other parts of speech, make sure to check out some of our other language artic...

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