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How to Calculate Variance | Calculator, Analysis & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/variance-meaning/
...erent as a result of your treatment. If not, then the results may come from individual differences of sample members instead. Research exampleYour ANOVA assesses whether the differences in mean final scores between groups come from the differences in the frequency of quizzes or the individual differences of the students in each group. To do so, you get a ratio of the between-group variance of final...

Inferential Statistics | An Easy Introduction & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/inferential-statistics-meaning/
...ate whether changes in predictor variables cause changes in an outcome variable. You can decide which regression test to use based on the number and types of variables you have as predictors and outcomes. Most of the commonly used regression tests are parametric. If your data is not normally distributed, you can perform data transformations. Data transformations help you make your data normally dis...

Comma Before or After However | Rules & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/comma/however-comma-before-or-after/
...n this use, it’s not followed by a comma. If the ‘however’ clause comes first, it’s separated from the following clause with a comma. If it comes at the end, you can use a comma before ‘however’, but only if the sentence up to that point would make sense on its own (i.e., the ‘however’ clause is nonrestrictive). Examples: ‘However’ meaning ‘no matter how’However hard she tried, she couldn’t wrap he...

What Is a Dissertation? | 5 Essential Questions to Get Started

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/what-is-a-dissertation/
...there to guide you through the dissertation project, but you’re still working independently. They can give feedback on your ideas, but not come up with ideas for you. You may need to take the initiative to request an initial meeting with your supervisor. Then you can plan out your future meetings and set reasonable deadlines for things like completion of data collection, a structure outline, a fir...

Independent vs Dependent Variables | Definition & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/independent-vs-dependent-variables/
...ponse variables (they respond to a change in another variable) Outcome variables (they represent the outcome you want to measure) Left-hand-side variables (they appear on the left-hand side of a regression equation) The dependent variable is what you record after you’ve manipulated the independent variable. You use this measurement data to check whether and to what extent your independent variable...

Structured Interview | Definition, Guide & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/structured-interviews/
...s well, spotting and resolving any inconsistencies or errors that come up as you listen. Coding and analysing structured interviews After transcribing, it’s time to conduct your thematic or content analysis. This often involves ‘coding’ words, patterns, or themes, separating them into categories for more robust analysis. Due to the closed-ended nature of many structured interviews, you will most li...

Semi-Structured Interview | Definition, Guide & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/semi-structured-interviews/
...han in a structured interview, the data collection and analysis become a bit more complex. Differences between different types of interviews Make sure to choose the type of interview that suits your research best. This table shows the most important differences between the four types. Structured interview Semi-structured interview Unstructured interview Focus group Fixed questions Fixed order of qu...

Unstructured Interview | Definition, Guide & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/unstructured-interviews/
...l please you. Videoconferencing specifically can feel awkward or stilted, which could affect your results. However, your participant may be more comfortable in their own home. Not being face to face with respondents, such as in a phone interview, could lead to more honest answers. However, there could be environmental conditions or distractions on the participant side that could affect their respon...

How to Do Thematic Analysis | Guide & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/thematic-analysis-explained/
...often in the data), so they can be discarded. Other codes might become themes in their own right. In our example, we decided that the code ‘uncertainty’ made sense as a theme, with some other codes incorporated into it. Again, what we decide will vary according to what we’re trying to find out. We want to create potential themes that tell us something helpful about the data for our purposes. Step 4...

Correlation vs Causation | Differences, Designs & Examples

[Article] https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/correlation-and-causation/
...causes a change in another variable. In research, you might have come across the phrase ‘correlation doesn’t imply causation’. Correlation and causation are two related ideas, but understanding their differences will help you critically evaluate and interpret scientific research. What’s the difference between correlation and causation? Correlation describes an association between variables: when o...

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